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Titanium and Zirconium



Titanium and zirconium contain small amounts of the impurities hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and iron (Fe). Zirconium also contains hafnium (Hf) to a maximum content of 4.5%. Up to the maximum levels specified for these impurities, the corrosion resistance is not affected, whereas they raise the strength and lower the ductility. N and O have the strongest effect – compare Grade 2 and Grade 3:

Grade 2 with max. 0.25% O and max. 0.03% N: Rp0.2 min. 275 MPa.
Grade 3 with max. 0.35% O and max. 0.05% N: Rp0.2 min. 380 MPa.

In order to further improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, palladium (Pd) is added in some grades. Grades 7 and 11 have an addition of 0.12 – 0.25% Pd. The O content of Grade 7 is max. 0.25% and of Grade 11 0.18%.

Characteristics: Excellent corrosion resistance under most wet-corrosive conditions. Very good weldability as long as the necessary precautions are taken. Good mechanical properties. By cold working the strength increases considerably (deformation hardening), and this can be utilised in some applications. Excellent formability and fabrication properties. Not least important, they are hygienic and easy to clean.


Titanium, x 600. The structure of zirconium looks the same.
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